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These costs are expected to grow to A$9.7 billion in 2020 and A$19.8 billion by 2040, if we continue on the same trajectory. [1] In 2016, around 20 in every 1,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were incarcerated. The number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners in Victoria has risen 70 per cent under the Labor government, amid a national rising incarceration rate. 1. Marking 20 years of monitoring since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal ... prisons is the highest of any Indigenous group in the OECD. It actually perpetuates cycles of poverty, disadvantage and reoffending. This ranges, on average, from 15% in Victoria to 97% in the Northern Territory. Rates of Imprisonment. Two key recommendations involved “justice reinvestment”. The rate of incarceration of Aboriginal people has risen 35 per cent between 1988 and 1995. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were therefore over-represented in the imprisoned population by a factor of 12.5. There is widespread support for further advancing justice reinvestment. How can we reduce Aboriginal incarceration rates? For many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, family violence and sexual abuse is the driving force behind such high incarceration rate in women. African Americans make up 30 percent of the United States population and 60 percent of the imprisoned population. We need evidence-based law reform to reduce rates of Indigenous incarceration. Professor of Criminology, University of Technology Sydney. (Table 20) The proportion of adult prisoners who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ranged from 9% in Victoria (610 prisoners) to 84% (1,349 prisoners) in the Northern Territory. This is discussed further in chapter 3. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men are 15 times more likely to be in custody than non-Indigenous men. The ALRC Inquiry reported that: “Although Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults make up around 2% of the national population, they constitute 27% of the national prison population. The over-incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians is one of our nation’s most significant human rights concerns. The report was delivered to the federal attorney-general in December 2017. CBC’s Lenard Monkman sat down with panellists Ryan Beardy, Pam Palmater and Cora Morgan to … One in four Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander males has been to prison. Human Rights Watch has found that people of color are not any more likely to use or sell drugs than white people, and yet they have a significantly higher rate of arrests. ©2021 Verizon Media. He receives funding from the Australian Research Council. Sophie Russell is a member of the Australian Justice Reinvestment Network and is a volunteer mentor with the Women's Justice Network. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander over-incarceration cost the Australian economy an estimated A$7.9 billion in 2016. New Zealand has one of the highest incarceration rates in the Western world, and more than half of the prison population is Maori. This would provide technical expertise and promote the reinvestment of resources from the criminal justice system into community-based initiatives. UNSW provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU. This question was originally answered on Quora by Valerie Jarrett, Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama. 3.18 To put the rates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander incarceration in perspective, the non-Indigenous rate was 163 per 100,000:less than 2 in every 1,000 persons. 4. This data revealed that out of 242,000 students referred to law enforcement by schools during the 2009-10 school year black and Hispanic students made up more than 70 percent of these students. The Sentencing Project has discovered that while African American juveniles are approximately 16 percent of the United States youth population, 37 percent of their cases are transferred to criminal court and 58 percent of the United States colored youth are sent to adult prisons. Two-thirds of that relates to the criminal justice system and one-third is the broader economic impact in the region. In Canada, the Indigenous incarceration rate is 10 times higher than for non-Indigenous adults, with Indigenous people making up 4percent of the Canadian population yet making up 23.2 percent of federal inmate population. The non-Indigenous rate also increased by 4% over the same period from 154 to 160 prisoners per 100,000 non-Indigenous population. Copyright © 2010–2021, The Conversation US, Inc. High incarceration rates have been linked to youth who have been in out-of-home care. The increase in impoverished Aboriginal … We made it easy for you to exercise your right to vote! Aboriginal people across Australia are 14 times more likely to be imprisoned than non-Aboriginals. They make up 7% of the general youth population but 54% of those in youth detention across Australia. Many factors contribute to the high rate of incarceration among Aboriginal Australians. If Bourke is able to sustain just half the 2017 results, an additional gross impact of A$7 million over the next five years could be achieved. Today, 150 years after slavery was abolished in the United States, African Americans continue to be excessively imprisoned at a considerably higher rate than their white equivalents. The Bourke Tribal Council, assisted by Just Reinvest NSW, directs and guides Maranguka. This progress makes the fact that in 2011 there were more African Americans in prison than were enslaved in the U.S. before the Emancipation Proclamation that much more shocking. A year later, the government has yet to respond. All rights reserved. Justice reinvestment is a strategy for reducing the number of people in prison by investing funds drawn from the corrections budget into early intervention, prevention and diversionary solutions in communities where many prisoners come from and return to. The Department of Education has recently released data showing that African American students in the United States are arrested significantly more than white classmates. So whilst this article is mainly concerned with understanding why the imprisonment rates for Aboriginal men, women and children are so high, it also seeks to explore that enquiry as part of a larger commentary on emerging debates within the field of criminology. Additionally, racial discrepancies in our criminal justice system loom over communities of color, marginalizing millions of African American citizens by denying equal access to employment, housing, education and public benefits. The staggering over-representation of Indigenous people in prison was the focus of the Australian Law Reform Commission report Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. So why were they behind bars? Table A2 in Appendix I adjusts imprisonment numbers for population change. High rate of Aboriginal incarceration 'starts young', NSW inquiry hears. University of Technology Sydney provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU. The same study concluded that African Americans were twice as likely to be arrested and nearly four times as likely to experience the use of force from law enforcement at the same traffic stop. Below are some of the most obvious truths relating to the criminal justice system's impact on African American communities. Research has found a large portion of prisoners come from and return to a small number of inadequately resourced neighbourhoods and communities. The picture is particularly stark for Indigenous children. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you. To reduce soaring Aboriginal prison rates it is essential to invest in psycho-social healing, counselling, empowerment, education and rehabilitation.. As with many programs designed to 'cure' Aboriginal issues, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. In September 2013, the incarceration rate of the United States of America was the highest in the world at 716 per 100,000 of the national population. Read more: Context and Background. 5. Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory had the lowest with 1.2-2.7 and 1.5-4.1 per 10 000, respectively. Indigenous people, who represent about 5 per cent of Canada’s population, now make up 30 per cent of the populations in federal prisons. 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