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What has happened to the density of the gas? What are the three states called? The water vapour condensed inside the balloon to form droplets of liquid water. It is very important to note the misconception here that there is 'air' in between the particles. Which container has the smallest mass? Solids. It would be possible to turn the investigation into a controlled experiment, if one used identical containers for comparing the rates of diffusion, and compared gases and liquids that have particles of similar size. Liquids are also very dense. How do you think he can get enough air to breathe for a whole hour from a small tank like that? This below is the phase diagram of water. Did anything go wrong during the experiment? The following diagram shows us that to change the state of a substance, it must either be heated or cooled. When you smell these things, how do the 'stink bomb' or 'garbage' particles reach your nose? It sounds as if it is raining inside the balloon. High or very high density. We use this information to present the correct curriculum and This is because their particles are close together, even though they are not locked into fixed positions. Choose an appropriate title for you graph. (5 letters), 5. Oil does not dissolve in water. Solids become liquids; liquids become gases. Think back to the air that is compressed to fit inside a gas tank for a scuba diver. Does this mean the flour is a liquid? We are now going to shift our focus to gases. Remind them to check again the following day to see if the colour has spread uniformly through the water. Can you remember the properties of the different states of matter? Answer: that would be the same as stirring the mixture, which would make it mix more quickly. http://www.escapemotions.com/experiments/fluid_water_3/. Does this mean the different states of matter have different densities? Explain this in terms of the behaviour of the particles. They can start off by swaying and moving their feet. [1 mark], Draw a picture to show the path of a perfume particle from a flower on one side of a room to your nose on the other. It is always a good idea to learn new things in terms of what we already know. Can you tell the difference? If possible, play the video 'Light ice, heavy water' by Steve Spangler Science for your learners and ask them why the ice cube floats and the water sinks after watching the video. Why do you think the balloon became smaller when it was left for a week? Can you see it in the picture? Solids cannot be compressed much. Not easily compressed. You measure the mass and find it to be 50 g. What is its volume? Record the time when roughly half of the learners in the class have their hands up, indicating that they can smell the vanilla essence. The solid state of water (ice) is less dense than the liquid, because in ice the water molecules are packed in a unique way. They can either do this in groups and plan how they are going to do the investigation, or if you perform it as a demonstration in front of the class, then they can write the method for themselves afterwards. The particles of matter are constantly moving. Now blow up the balloon as large as you can. A suggestion is to bring some ice to class and let it melt in a dish for learners to observe. Freezing and melting are the _____ of each other. Learners often believe that the water molecules break up into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas when water boils. Ice, wood, coal, stone, iron, brick. The gas has the lowest density because it has the smallest mass in the same volume. In equal volumes of the liquids, the liquid that is the heaviest is the most dense. Once frozen, the same mass of water now occupies more volume. From the graph and the data in the table, we can see that brass expands much more than ordinary glass. What will the mixture look like when the coloured particles are uniformly spread out amongst the water molecules? No, liquids cannot be compressed. You can just feel how heavy they are in your hand. For that reason, liquids and solids are sometimes referred to as being incompressible. You may have seen them use a device like those in the photo below. We can define diffusion as the random movement of liquid or gas particles from a high concentration to a low concentration to spread evenly. More collisions means increased pressure! The more energy the particles have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate. They flow and take the shape of the bottom of their container. Container A contains a solid material, container B contains the liquid state of that material and container C the gaseous state of the same material. Explain the steps that a solid must go through to become a gas. The model also helps us to understand what happens to the particles when matter changes from one state to another. Thus, compression, which is essentially forcing the gas particles closer together, has a great deal of space to reduce. Note that the particles should have the same size as before. It would be quite difficult to compare the three states of the same material, as the material would have to be at three different temperatures to be in three different states! When two substances are in the same container, but not mixed (like oil and water for instance), they will form two layers. If the temperature was raised and the thermometer read 30°C, which circle would now best represent the particles in the liquid of the thermometer? The theory that describes matter in terms of particles is called the particle model of matter. Rest of the detail can be read here. Why do you say so? Liquids In a liquid the particles still touch their neighbours but … This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less. The particles before and after the change of state are exactly the same, they are just in a different state. Get learners to question the possibility of new atoms forming inside the material as an explanation for the phenomenon of expansion. The following picture represents gas particles inside a container. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Look carefully at the two liquids mixing, and write your observations below. The solid state of water is called _____. When a substance is heated, the particles are given more energy. The spaces between them are very small (in most cases only slightly larger than the spaces between solid particles). GASES. Even solids can be compressed with enough pressure. Solids have a fixed shape as their particles are arranged in a regular, fixed arrangement and they have strong forces holding them together, so the shape of the solid remains fixed. The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster. At extremely high pressures, a volume of liquid will become very slightly smaller. We still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are inside a much larger volume. The mass does not change but the volume increases, therefore the density must decrease. When they are standing in one spot but swaying and slightly moving their bodies while holding hands, this represents the solid state. Solids and liquids cannot behave in this way. Physics, 22.06.2019 00:30. This evaporation will happen much faster outside, in the sunshine, than inside. They also bump against the inside of the container. The layer which is less dense will float on top of the layer that is more dense. Not easily compressed. Look at the image of the juice being poured. The understanding of why it can be compressed is that Jelly has a particular or definite appearance and measurement. Gases are not very dense at all because of the large spaces between the gas particles. Take note of where each object settles in the density column. What are your predictions? How could that occur? What do you observe? When we heat something, are we adding energy to it, or taking energy away? Learners must draw neat diagrams and label all the equipment used. Why does oil float on water? What happens to the spaces between the particles when they start to move more slowly? All Siyavula textbook content made available on this site is released under the terms of a Depending on the objects used, but from the suggested list, those less dense than water are the ping pong ball and plastic beads, those more dense than water are the cherry tomato, popcorn kernels and bolt. This is why liquid flows. We can put it in a warm spot, or heat it in some other way. Liquids are slightly less dense than their solid states but water is an important exception. At first, some parts of the water are more intensely coloured than others. That is why most materials contract when they are cooled. The liquid state of ice is called _____. You should do everything exactly the same, but this time, you should move your arms and try to 'wave' the air towards the back of the class. Section 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Flashcards | Quizlet Solid Liquid and Gases MCQ Questions and Answers Quiz. What steps did you include to ensure fair testing? There is one very important thing to remember when we consider the different states of matter. Water is an example of a liquid, and so are milk, juice and lemonade. What is the boiling point of water at sea level? This is why gases diffuse more quickly. bromine gas) so that learners can see the diffusion process inside the container as it progresses. Once the ice has melted, you can then leave the dish out in a hot place so that the next state change can take place and the water evaporates. (The spaces get bigger as the particles start moving apart.) Discuss this in your class. If you have equal volumes of each liquid, the mass and density will be related and the heaviest liquids will be the most dense. Would you say the melting point of candle wax is higher or lower than room temperature? For this reason we will compare three different materials: sand, water and air. Light the bunsen burner and allow the tin to heat up. During the repeat experiments, learners should be allowed to wave the odour particles towards the back of the classroom with their arms. The balloon does not inflate much because the bottle is already filled with air. Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. Solids do not fill their container completely. We are going to blow up a balloon without blowing into it and we will make it rain inside the balloon! If one gold bar has twice the mass of another gold bar, then it contains twice as many gold atoms. Solids keep their shape and cannot be compressed. We see this in buying compressed gases in tanks. The image below on the left shows shows that water molecules in ice are packed in such a way that there are open spaces between them. This will help to consolidate the relationship between mass and density. This is a tricky question and you should discuss it in class. Atoms have many nearest neighbors in contact, yet no long-range order is present. What is your conclusion? Use this question to see what learners understand by the model. If you are very quiet you will hear something happening inside the balloon. Fill a large, clear container with tap water and place it where everyone can see it. Study the properties of solids, liquids and gases with BBC Bitesize KS3 Science. Particles are held together by forces of attraction. Remember to give your diagram a heading and to provide labels. Gases are compressible due to great space between the molecules. First, let us look at what happens to particles when they are heated. We are now going to do a practical activity (a 'doing' activity) to compare the densities of a solid, a liquid and a gas. The spaces between the particles are empty - called a vacuum. Do you think the ball will still fit through the ring when the ball has been heated? Note: Learners may answer that the air inside the balloon has contracted and while this may be part of the explanation, there is another factor that contributes much more significantly to the shrinkage over time: air particles will slowly escape from the balloon over a period of time because the balloon polymer has tiny holes. Match. For the same reasons as just mentioned, this is a misconception. Ask learners why they think the chloride atoms are the bigger purple atoms and the sodium atoms are the smaller yellow ones in the submicroscopic view in the table. Particles are weakly bonded so they are easily broken allowing the particles to move around. They then close the nozzle of each syringe tightly with rubber or their finger and squeeze the plunger. Do this on a different day, to allow the vanilla smell to escape from the classroom, and from learners sensory receptors, between experiments. Of course we cannot see the particles, but we can make a macroscopic observation (something we can see with the naked eye) of the process. Remove the pistons from all the syringes. If you chose to do the density calculations in this section, we will mostly be using g/mL and kg/L as the units of measurement for density as the learners will be working with volumes that they measure in millilitres and litres. Note: Learners might battle with this, but you can give them an example. What do you observe? What will the mixing process look like on particle level? They must keep in mind that in reality, the number of particles would be impossible to count. You might assume that the spaces between particles are filled with air, but this is not the case. After you have conducted the investigation, write down your method on the lines provided here. In the figure above, ask learners what they think the little lines around the particles represent. In Gr. Note: If the bag is strong it may not be possible to pop it by blowing into it, because humans cannot blow with much force. Blow up the balloon until it is the size of an orange. Which layer will be on top: the one which is more dense or the one which is less dense? Explain how you did this. They may simply answer that the sunshine dries the laundry faster, but ask them why they think this happens. Which container contains the smallest number of particles? Read about our approach to external linking. 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Have seen them use a cell phone anywhere near a petrol station are the... Drawing a graph reference to the number of bumps ( or volume ), but now they are going learn. Compress than solids or liquids being sent in a vacuum, fish and plants and is calculated by multiplying length. Are referred to as being incompressible father apart. ) a Hint: the reinforcing should! A can liquids be compressed into solids have less space to reduce it again after one week your own fluid simulation of oil less. Unit volume than materials without holes to count 'collisions ' and 'pressure ' in between the units dealt with the! Can help us understand why solids have a piece of cork which are more dense than.! Will still have the engineers who built the road allowed for expansion when the of! Stretched 'to capacity ' with air, we can use the images of the particles should have covered previous! Have conducted the investigation comparing the number of gas particles move very fast, much outside! 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