sets and reps for hypertrophy
That’s not completely crazy. Speaking of reverse pyramid training, another way to do sets in the 6–20 rep range would be to strip some weight off the bar each set, perhaps starting with 200 pounds for 8 repetitions, then 180 pounds for 10 repetitions, and then 160 pounds for 12 repetitions. If we want to be able to carry stuff in front of our bodies, we might want to spend more time doing front squats. It’s possible that doing a set of five reps stimulates about as much muscle growth as doing a set of six reps. And even if it doesn’t, the difference is surely quite small. If we’re trying to gain muscle size, it probably makes more sense to spend most of our time lifting in moderate rep ranges. The “hypertrophy range” of roughly 6-15 reps per set may produce slightly better results per unit of time invested than low rep and high rep work. Note, that muscle tissue has also been shown to have a response to loading as well, which is why the below guidelines allow for an athlete to use moderate-heavy loads for moderate-higher repetition ranges done for moderate-higher sets. Therefore, higher volumes of training have been found to yield better results for hypertrophy (Hedrick 1995). It’s certainly possible to do 5×5 on the bench press and then move on to triceps extensions afterwards, and then lateral raises, and so on. While it's true that specific parameters are well-suited to an intended goal, these parameters are often pulled out of thin air. Of course, I’m sure most people would prefer to go with the moderate rep range for fewer sets, for reasons you mention some of later in the article, but this calculation just wasn’t accurate by total volume of reps. Volume isn’t calculated via reps (at least not as far as I’m aware and not in the hypertrophy research I’ve seen). Lifting more total pounds per set, putting greater demands on our cardiovascular systems, and building more muscle mass are all great for our health and fitness. The views expressed on this site may come from individual contributors and do not necessarily reflect the view of BarBend or any other organization. Most people prefer using moderate rep ranges, especially for bigger compound lifts. Muscles do not naturally want to grow; they must be forced to grow through consistent periods of stress. For hypertrophy, you are free to choose your rest interval. And if we go any higher, we start to emphasize muscular endurance at the expense of muscle size and strength. A hypertrophy phase workout consists of exercises utilizing low to intermediate repetition ranges with progressive overload. If we compare muscle growth throughout their entire bodies, the effect disappears. But if we’re talking about muscle growth per set, better to use moderate rep ranges so that we’re lifting more total poundage each set. Good to have such a wide rep range we can use to build muscle. That means there’s no need to train for or test our 1-rep max to gauge our strength. I’ve been doing the 8-10 reps and 6 sets for three weeks now. Note, that the below guidelines include a wide range of goals; power, strength, muscle hypertrophy (highlighted), and muscular endurance. What that means is, if you’re making a hypertrophy training program, a workout might look like this: Deadlifts: 4 sets of 6 reps Generally speaking, short rest periods reduce the amount of reps you can do in subsequent sets. Nonetheless, the below guidelines are generally accepted as the basis for nearly every single beginner and intermediate lifter, athlete, and sport. So if you have access to heavier weights, you can build muscle much more pleasantly by lifting in moderate rep ranges. Hi. No official lifts, no rules about how to perform them, and no 1-rep max test. So building general strength has more to do with building bigger muscles by doing the big compound lifts, less to do with lifting in lower rep ranges. Hypertrophy responds better to adding sets, while strength often requires manipulating reps before manipulating sets. Set 3: 8 reps with 235 pounds Squat. However, on the whole, the advantage you get from working in the hypertrophy range isn’t nearly as big as people seem to think; maybe a ~10-15% advantage per unit of effort invested at most. Rep ranges 1–6; rest 3–5 minutes. For example, if you wanted your lifter to squat 100kg five times in a row, and do that 3 separate times with 90 seconds of rest in between each grouping of 5 squats, the squat prescription would be 3 sets of 5 reps at 100kg, with 90 seconds rest. For instance, instead of doing 3 sets of 12 reps (3×12), we might want to do 5 sets of 5 reps (5×5). While the other 2 sets stimulated mostly stimulated strength? Hence, training each muscle twice a week is good for hypertrophy. When prescribing exercises, we have a few variables to consider. But sometimes adding more volume is NOT the answer for improving strength. Hypertrophy phase. That’s less than half the volume required for the same gain. more than 3 minutes are better for developing strength and when you're training at high intensities to failure. So it’s not that we can’t build muscle with 5×5 strength training programs, it’s just that hypertrophy training (aka bodybuilding) programs help us gain muscle size faster and more efficiently. Great article. There’s not a lot of research looking into ramping sets (or top sets). They’re great for gaining 1-rep max strength, not so great for gaining muscle mass. This can get confusing because bodybuilding and hypertrophy training have no official way of measuring strength. There are a couple downsides to lower rep ranges for hypertrophy. For instance, someone who can bench 300 for a single is similarly strong to someone who can bench 275 for 5 reps or 225 for 10 reps. Perhaps more importantly, going from benching 185 pounds for 10 reps to benching 225 pounds for 10 reps shows a significant improvement in strength. Plus, the main benefit of lifting in lower rep ranges is that it gives us practice lifting close to our 1-rep max. For instance, a recent study by Keitaro Kubo found that doing 7 sets of 4 reps (7×4) on the bench press gained the same amount of muscle mass as doing 3 sets of 12 reps (3×12). Basically, I've found that certain minimal and maximal set/rep volumes are necessary for various structural and neural effects. Are High Reps Good for Gaining Muscle Mass? Many people are simply interested in building bigger muscles. For that, people often turn to powerlifting, thinking that they need to test their 1-rep maxes to see how strong they are. Sets: 3-5 Reps: 8-12. We’ve got a whole article on how many sets to do. Rest between sets. Join the BarBend Newsletter for workouts, diets, breaking news and more. Typically, the rest period between sets for hypertrophy is 1 to 3 minutes. Our other two sites are more specifically about helping naturally skinny people bulk up, so with this site we want to go beyond that. If we take the low end of the low rep range (2×24) we get 48 reps, against (8×13) 104 reps for the high rep range. And what about compound versus isolation lifts? If doing 12-rep sets of squats challenges our fitness more than our strength, should we use a lower rep range? Doing 5×5 on the bench press might stimulate the same amount of muscle growth as doing 3×12 on the bench press, yes, but we also need to consider that these lower-rep sets require longer rest times, that they can be harder on our joints, and that we need to do more total sets to get an equivalent benefit. In other words, after your warm-up sets—which are never taken to failure—you should select a load with which you … Repetitions for Hypertrophy According to the American Council on Exercise, hypertrophy requires eight to 12 repetitions, while increased endurance requires 12 to 20 and strength enhancement calls for one to eight repetitions. Moderate-rep sets are not only more efficient per set, but they also allow us to perform more sets per workout and to train more often. Or click here to join our newsletter for women. Allow 60-90 seconds between sets for rest. Set 4: 10 reps with 215 pounds. But don’t worry too, too much about always staying above 5 reps. 4-rep sets might not be quite ideal, but you’ve already done an 8-rep set, which is. There’s plenty of room for personal preference. If we’re talking about muscle growth per rep, then yes, better to use lower rep ranges so that each rep is damn heavy. If we want to maximize the growth of our triceps, we also need triceps extensions. It’s just that for gaining muscle mass, using moderate rep ranges is much safer, more efficient, and easier to recover from, allowing us to stimulate more overall muscle growth. These guidelines can be manipulated (primary total sets per exercise) so that each muscle group can receive anywhere from 12-20 total working sets per week from a wide array of compound exercises. Still, all these hypertrophy rep ranges are essentially the same, and they become even more similar once we start putting them into the context of a good bodybuilding/hypertrophy program. 3. That’s fine. We also have researchers like James Krieger, MS, favouring sets of 8+ reps. The problem is, we’re spending so much energy on so few lifts that it becomes hard to work all of our muscles. You can indeed build muscle with 5×5 workouts. However, this can lead people to assume that heavier rep ranges are better for developing strength, whereas moderate rep ranges are better for developing size. Combining concentric and eccentric contractions is more effective for growth than either in isolation. While there are a number of ways to induce hypertrophy in the weight room, it seems that employing multiple sets with moderate loads (6-12 reps, 65-85% 1RM) and rest periods (60 seconds) creates the greatest elevation of testosterone and growth hormone (primary anabolic hormones); compared to heavy loads (1-5 reps, >85% 1RM) with long rest periods (2-5 minutes) and light loads (12+ reps, <65% 1RM) … That’s not quite right. But are low reps good for building muscle? If we want to gain both size and strength, as well as improving our general health and fitness, it’s usually wise to lift in a wide variety of rep ranges, but to still spend most of our time doing 6–20 reps per set. Saying that the hypertrophy rep range is somewhere in the neighbourhood of 6–20 reps means that sets ranging from 6 reps to 20 reps can all be ideal for stimulating muscle growth. They aren’t matching the sets, comparing 3×4 versus 3×12 to see which stimulates more muscle growth, they’re matching the volume, comparing 7×4 versus 3×12. For instance, lifting from 3 reps all the way up to 20 reps per set? This is our newsletter for women who are interested in getting bigger, stronger, fitter, and better looking. Or is it better to use a rep range that’s halfway between strength training and hypertrophy training? Sets are the total number of complete rounds of repetitions someone would so in a workout. Since muscular hypertrophy can also be part of a medical condition, we explain that briefly, too. We’ve been trying to put up a bunch of good content before officially announcing it the Bony to Beastly and Bombshell communities. Thirty seconds to one minute of rest between sets is recommended for endurance training. But sets of five reps are right on the cusp of being ideal for gaining muscle. So can we add weight from set to set for muscle growth? If we challenge ourselves with the first set, our strength will typically go down a bit on the next set. Totally! This shows that the lower reps stimulated more muscle growth, when considering volume. Even just comparing the popularity of bodybuilding versus strength training, we see that bodybuilding is several times more popular: But even so, most of us also care at least a little bit about improving our general health, general fitness, and general strength. It will hurt, yes, but you can absolutely build muscle that way. Still mostly focused on building muscle, though. The Optimal Rear Delt Volume - Hypertrophy Guide. But that doesn’t make us stronger, per se, it just helps us specialize our strength for powerlifting. Here are some loose recommendations for some common isolation lifts: Genetics and personal preference will factor into what rep ranges you prefer, too. In the section, “Are Low Reps Good For Building Muscle?”, the math doesn’t seem to be right. That way when you do 8 reps, you have 2 reps left in reserve. 4 sets of 12 reps. Or it could mean doing 4 sets of 10–12 reps, starting with a weight you can do 10 reps with, trying to get more reps every workout, and adding weight every time you’re able to do 12 reps. That’s the approach commonly used in Reverse Pyramid Training programs. The results of this study have been replicated several times (study, study, study). Second, taking high-rep sets to failure is so painful that it can make people vomit, give up, or hate training. As a result, there exists a hypertrophy rep range of roughly 6-12 reps, which is often proposed as the best rep range to maximize muscle growth. So, when Jack says 80 kg is his 5 rep max, he means both of the these: a. he cannot add any more weight and perform 5 reps. b. he cannot perform any more than 5 reps with 80 kg. If you want to learn what research says is the optimal number of sets and reps to build muscle as quickly as possible, then you need to read this article. But I think we’re getting to the point where we’ve got a lot of content up. The goal is just to keep most of our training in the hypertrophy rep range. When looking to increase muscle hypertrophy, science has shown that one of the most important factors for increasing the size of the individual muscle fibers (muscle hypertrophy) is overall training volume. Maybe just stick with that weight until you’re getting 8 reps on all three sets. Should I do the same number of reps for all 3 sets or should i decrease the number of reps until i get to 8 but i increase the weight as i go down? 70% x AMRAP (probably 1-2 reps) Rest for 2 minutes and repeat; Total Reps in Minimal Sets. For example, when programming for leg development, you you have a lifter perform the back squat, front squat, and box squat each week (on separate days), for 5 sets of 8-10 repetitions. It’s possible that doing sets of seven reps would eventually yield more muscle growth than doing sets of six reps. It’s possible that doing sets of eight reps could eventually stimulate more muscle growth than doing sets of seven reps. Powerlifters measure their strength by how much they can lift for a single repetition—their 1-rep max strength. The bench press is great for stimulating growth in our chests and shoulders, but it’s not ideal for stimulating growth in our triceps (study). We do see diminishing returns as training volume climbs higher. Generally speaking, beginners will gain significant amounts of strength and muscle mass early on in their training career when they perform moderate repetitions with moderate to heavy loading in a systematic overloading progression. Higher training volumes, to an extent, have been shown to increase hypertrophy, helping coaches and athletes build guidelines for exercise prescription. ... and in further support of this positive relationship between training volume and hypertrophy is a more recent 2017 meta-analysis. Coaches would need to monitor training and recovery to see if this loading (15 total sets is too much volume) is too much to recover from over time. The first option is to rest longer so that you aren’t bleeding as many reps between sets. That’s why strength training and powerlifting training use lower rep ranges. Doing 24 sets of 3 reps, maybe 2–5 minutes of rest between sets, a few warm-up sets beforehand, we’re talking about a good 2–3 hours of work. If we look at a systematic review of 14 studies, we see that sets of 6–20 reps stimulate a similar amount of muscle growth per set, provided that we take those sets close enough to failure. High volume, multiple set programs (6-12 reps, 3 to 6 sets) have been shown to create greater hypertrophy for two important reasons: The higher workload is more effective at creating microtrauma because of the extra time under tension and extra number of fibres recruited (Shinohara et al, 1998; Smith & Rutherford, 1995; Moss et al, 1997) Awesome information about reps. How about sets what has the best results. Each of those add up to 30, 36, 32, and 40 total reps respectively, all of which fall within the “usual” total of 30-40. I’m training him, he wants to do lighter weights and more reps mainly for his joints. The goal of this article is to offer coaches and athletes a general outline for hypertrophy training programming and offer insight on the importance of moderating total training volume (sets x reps) to avoid over-training and allow for hypertrophy adaptations to take place. That’s called Reverse Pyramid Training, like so: Set 1: 4 reps with 265 pounds Even if we take the high end (6×24) we get 144 reps, whereas with the high rep range (12×13) we get 156 reps. And if so, what is it? In an earlier article we discussed the definition of hypertrophy and how strength, power, and fitness athletes can benefit from training for hypertrophy at specific phases of the annual training program. Volume and intensity cause growth and fatigue, and when one goes up per set, the other goes down to preserve a roughly even effect. When we’re doing sets of 1–5, the sets tend to be harder on our joints and connective tissues, they can have higher rates of injury, and they can take longer to recover from. Typically, 3-5 sets are recommended for optimal hypertrophy. With that said, these differences in volume really only start to become significant when comparing rather different rep ranges. The truth is, recent emerging research has indicated that this hypertrophy rep range is actually much bigger than most people realize . If you increase the weight from set to set and it causes you to get fewer reps with each set, that’s called pyramid training, which looks more like this: Set 1: 10 reps with 225 pounds To add volume, most folks just maintain their existing training split and add sets to each training session, i.e., junk volume. Repetitions make up one set, which rep ranges can go from 1 to, well, as high as your heart (and/or body) desires. Since training with more moderate loads may be more time efficient and carry a lower injury risk, you’re best off spending most of your training time in the more moderate load range, with low reps mixed in for strength benefits, variety, and personal preference. For instance, let’s consider the bench press. Featured Image: Martin Romero Photography. Sets: 3-5 Reps: 8-12. Marco Walker-Ng is the co-founder and strength coach of Outlift, Bony to Beastly, and Bony to Bombshell, and is a certified trainer (PTS) with a Bachelor's degree in Health Sciences (BHSc) from the University of Ottawa. In bodybuilding, though, where the goal is to build bigger muscles as fast as possible, most people do sets of 8–12 reps. What Does Research Say? In strength training workouts, a fair amount of muscle growth can be stimulated with 5×5 routines, but it pales in comparison to the amount of growth that a bodybuilder can stimulate in the same timeframe. What's your goal: strength, hypertrophy (size), or fat loss? For instance, doing biceps curls will make our biceps bigger and stronger, but that won’t necessarily help us deadlift more weight. When you increase the weight from set to set while keeping the reps the same, those are usually called “ramping sets.” That can stimulate muscle growth, yeah, but it’s probably not ideal. That yields a training volume of 9–18 sets per muscle group per week, which is right about perfect for building muscle. There’s probably a few reasons eccentrics help with hypertrophy. What often works better, then, is keeping the weight the same and pushing a bit closer to failure with each set. Skullcrushers: 3 sets of 15 reps The above chart is assuming that the lifter has a baseline understanding of their 1RM of a compound lift (like the squat, deadlift, bench press, etc.). As you lose reps with every set, you’re lifting fewer pounds, and thus stimulating less muscle growth. Conversely, the development of strength may occur with a moderate volume. We know that doing 6–20 reps per set stimulates a maximal amount of muscle growth, but what about doing 5 or 30 reps per set? Hopefully I can get some new gains from training this way. I’m skeptical of that, given that the training volumes weren’t that high, but even so, there’s only so much that we can conclude from volume-matched studies. ... Use a reps-and-rest cycle. Rather, when reps are low, total volume should be calculated. He's personally gained 65 pounds at 11% body fat and has ten years of experience helping over 10,000 skinny people bulk up. Hence, training each muscle twice a week is good for hypertrophy. That tends to work quite well, and even if the numbers aren’t quite that perfect, you’ll probably be doing more than 5 reps on the third set. Lateral raises: 2 sets of 20 reps. The 5 Big Compound Lifts for Building Muscle. His specialty is helping people build muscle to improve their strength and general health, with clients including college, professional, and Olympic athletes. We’ve still got our hardgainer roots! For example, 4-5 sets of 10-12 reps or is 6-10 sets of 10-12 reps have better results. That means that to maximize muscle growth, we wouldn’t be doing five sets of five, we’d be doing 6–10 sets of five. Shane Duquette is the co-founder and creative lead of Outlift, Bony to Beastly, and Bony to Bombshell, and has a degree in design from York University in Toronto, Canada. Finally, what if we want to use a rep range that helps us gain both muscle size and strength? We also have researchers like James Krieger, MS, only counting sets of 8+ reps in his hypertrophy volume research. The first that doing fewer reps per sets means we’re lifting less total weight each set (less volume), which seems to stimulate less muscle growth. This gives us a fairly wide rep range that we can train in. I can certainly relate to that. My personal hunch is that low-rep sets (of around 3-5 reps) are a bit less efficient for muscle growth on a per-set basis, but not quite to the point of needing to equate for volume load. You could try 5-minute rest periods. One problem with these studies, though, is that they match training volume—total pounds lifted—instead of matching the number of challenging sets. Bentover Row. Hypertrophy typically requires a certain number of TOTAL reps. By self-pacing to get to a certain number of reps with a given weight, you can increase training density over the course of several weeks by reaching your target reps in fewer sets. For everyone else, though, we can measure our strength by how much we can lift in a variety of different rep ranges. An example of this is 3-5 sets of 6-12 repetitions, performing the barbell chest press at 75-85% of the one repetition maximum (1RM) with a rest period of 1-2 minutes. Triceps Dip. It’s easier to do the moderate rep range. When we’re picking our rep range, our goal is to challenge our muscles with enough overall volume, to make sure that we aren’t being limited by our cardiovascular fitness, and to avoid injury and pain. Among those variables are the total number of sets, reps (repetitions), intensity (how heavy the weight it relative to either to one-rep max or rate of perceived exertion), rest periods, exercise order, and frequency (how many times per week, typically). if you say 4 sets of 10-12 reps, how does that actually look? Next set, maybe you get 8 reps with 1 in reserve. As a result, someone might spend half an hour doing their 5×5 on the squat, finish it already feeling a bit tired, and then have to grind through a 5×5 on the bench press and then row. We can gauge our strength by how much we can lift in moderate rep ranges instead. Bench Press. 5×5 routines are commonly used during the mass phases of strength training programs because they allow us to lift fairly heavy (over 80% of 1-rep max) while still getting in enough overall volume to build muscle mass. And when we do that math, we see that the muscle growth being stimulated per set drops quite a bit. How Reps and Sets Can Impact Hypertrophy. If you choose to stay at a low rep range like 2-5 you will gain more strength in relation to 5-10 reps. The next question, then, is how hard the cutoff is. It may lead to over-training. This shows the low rep range to require less volume for more muscle growth. As far as hypertrophy goes, diminishing returns will occur after this point. These volume-matched studies clearly show that doing 3 sets of 12 reps stimulates as much muscle growth as doing 7 sets of 4 reps, but we don’t know how much muscle growth would be stimulated by doing 3 sets of 4 reps. After all, perhaps an equal amount of muscle growth was stimulated by the first 3 sets, at which point no more muscle growth was stimulated. However, lifting in higher rep ranges is a nightmare straight out of Bloodborne, especially when doing the bigger compound lifts. Set 4: 8 reps with 225 pounds, 0–1 reps in reserve. The most controversial question, by far, is where the lower cut-off is. Are 3-Day Push/Pull/Legs Split Routines Good for Building Muscle. You can do that with 2–3 full-body workouts per week or with body-part splits.”. There has been some research suggesting that more advanced strategies for hypertrophy may be better suited for more advanced strength, power, and fitness athletes, however most of this is theoretical. If we want to be able to pick up heavy things and carry them around, we might want to do conventional deadlifts and loaded carries. There’s no magic point as we move from six to five reps where all of a sudden people switch from gaining pure muscle size to gaining pure 1-rep max strength. You can do 10 rep sets, 5 rep sets or 3 rep sets and everything in between and you will gain maximum hypertrophy if you focus on progressing with the exercise. Just three sets lower reps for our isolation lifts but, as you lose reps with 1 in and! 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